Slow flow coming from a large orifice can be turbulent this is the case with Occurs and it crinkles up into complicated, random turbulent flow. To convince yourself of this watch a smoke stack for a few minutes.įluid flow that is slow tends to be laminar. Turbulentįlow while proceeding in a particular direction, like laminar flow, has theĪdded complexity of random velocity fluctuations. It would jitter as well, sometimes darting to one side, or up or down. For example if youĬould train your eyes on a small speck of dust it would certainly move along but Stack), within the flow there are irregularities everywhere. Motion is in one direction (sideways for the fire-hydrant, up for the smoke Scale motion, the flow pattern is changing all the time. Open a fire hydrant, or watch a smoke stack. Now open the faucet to full on, or better still Information about its future behavior is completely determined by specification Identical to one taken half an hour later. If there is no wind or other disturbance, First very slowly,Īnd you will see glassy, orderly flow. How many times a day do we turn on a faucet? Do it now. Warhaft, Cambridge University Press, 1997. This section was adapted from The Engine and the Atmosphere: An Transition and Turbulence Transition and Turbulence
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